1. Abrasive belt grinding
Abrasive belt grinding mainly refers to that the abrasive is a blended cloth bonded with abrasive, and the workpiece is processed with this abrasive. It belongs to the category of coated abrasive grinding, which is characterized by high productivity, good surface quality and a wide range of applications. In foreign countries, belt grinding has made great achievements in materials and manufacturing technology. The belt grinding machines that have been used in production include belt series, general and special belt grinding machines that are suitable for different occasions, and they are also improving with the degree of automation. However, in China, the development of abrasive belt grinding is general, with few varieties, and the quality needs to be improved. The machine tool is still in the transformation stage.
2. Precision cutting
Precision cutting fluid is called diamond cutting, which mainly uses high-precision machine tools and single crystal diamond tools to carry out precision machining of soft metals such as copper and aluminum that are not suitable for grinding. For example, common in life: computer drums, magnetic disks and metal reflectors for high-power lasers. The accuracy of these parts in machining is 1-2 levels higher than the general accuracy.
Precision cutting effect is good, but the requirements are also high, and it is easy to be affected by many factors. Therefore, in order to achieve the desired effect, it is necessary to accurately process the content. However, precision cutting also has some disadvantages, for example, diamond tools wear faster when cutting hard materials, and the surface roughness and geometric accuracy of the machined workpiece are not ideal.
3. Ultra precision grinding
Ultra precision grinding is micro grinding, which is mainly processed on precision grinding machines with accurately trimmed grinding wheels. The amount of metal removal can be sub micron level or even smaller, so as to achieve more precise dimensional accuracy, shape and position accuracy and very low surface roughness value. This precision machining method is very helpful for hard cutting materials such as soft metals, quenched steel, stainless steel and high-speed steel, as well as hard and brittle non-metallic materials such as semiconductors, glass and ceramics.
However, after grinding, because the machined surface is affected by grinding force and grinding heat, the metallographic structure changes. It leads to defects such as work hardening, quenching hardening, thermal stress layer, residual stress layer and grinding cracks.
4. Honing
Honing is also a kind of precision machining. It mainly uses the honing head composed of oilstone and sand bars as a grinding tool, which reciprocates along the surface of the workpiece through the action of pressure. This kind of processing is very helpful for processing cast iron and steel, but the processing of non-ferrous metals with small hardness and good toughness will be slightly worse.
5. Precision grinding and polishing
Precision grinding and polishing is mainly through the abrasive and processing fluid between the workpiece and tool, so that the workpiece and the grinding tool are mechanically rubbed, so as to achieve the purpose of precision machining. Precision grinding and polishing are widely used. Metal and non-metal workpieces can achieve good accuracy and surface roughness. Precision grinding equipment is relatively simple. It can be used to process flat surfaces, cylindrical surfaces, gear tooth surfaces and mating parts with sealing requirements. At the same time, it can also be used for the finishing of gauges, gauge blocks, fuel injection nozzles, valve bodies and valve cores.