The development of ultra-precision machine tools is an important prerequisite for the development of ultra-precision machining. In recent years, developed countries have successfully developed a variety of advanced ultra-precision machining machine tools. The development direction of ultra-precision machine tools is to further improve the accuracy of ultra-precision machine tools, develop large-scale ultra-precision machine tools, and develop multi-functional and high-efficiency special-purpose ultra-precision machine tools.
The United States, Britain, Germany and other countries began to produce ultra-precision machine tools in the 1970s (Japan in the 1980s), and can supply them in batches. In terms of large-scale ultra-precision machine tools, the LLL National Laboratory in the United States successfully developed two large-scale ultra-precision diamond lathes in 1986: one is a horizontal DTM-3 diamond lathe with a machining diameter of 2.1m, and the other is a machining diameter of 1.65m. The LODTM Vertical Large Optical Diamond Lathe. Among them, LODTM vertical large optical diamond lathe is recognized as the ultra-precision machine tool with the highest precision in the world. The United States later developed a large-scale 6-axis CNC precision grinding machine for precision grinding of large optical mirrors.
The British Cranfield Precision Machining Center successfully developed the OAGM-2500 multi-function three-coordinate CNC grinding machine in 1991 (table area 2500mm × 2500mm), which can process (grinding, turning) and measure precision free-form surfaces. The machine tool adopts the method of splicing workpieces, and can also process large mirrors with a diameter of 7.5m in astronomical telescopes.
Japan's multi-function and high-efficiency special-purpose ultra-precision machine tools have developed rapidly, which has played a good role in promoting the development of Japan's microelectronics and home appliance industries.