This type of machine tool is generally used to machine the plane that is usually cut by the tool to the workpiece. Its main motion is reciprocating motion, and the feed motion direction is perpendicular to the main motion direction.
The tool and tool holder of the planer are mounted on the ram, and the workpiece is cut when moving forward. Adjustable table with T-slots can be used to hold workpieces and can also be used as bench vices and other fixtures to hold workpieces. The planer has a pendulum rod for driving the ram and a mechanism for adjusting the length of the stroke. The ram can be used to support the tool holder. There is a downward feeding mechanism on the tool holder, which can be deflected left and right for angle cutting, generally manual feeding. The workbench of the planer is a box with T-slots on the top and sides for clamping the workpiece. The beam is bolted directly to the base or bed of the planer. Automatic or motorized feeding is achieved by a pawl that engages with a ratchet.
The main components of the gantry planer are the bed, the worktable that can be moved back and forth, the column, the beam that can move up and down on the column, and the tool holder fastened to the beam.