The improvement and development of tool materials are of great significance to the development of metal processing. Good tools can effectively and quickly complete cutting work, and can also maintain good tool life. In production, the commonly used turning tool materials mainly include the following:
1. High carbon steel
High carbon steel turning tools use carbon steel with a carbon content between 0.8% and 1.5%. This kind of carbon steel is hardened after quenching. Because the cutting friction is easy to cause tempering softening, it is replaced by other tools such as high-speed steel. It is generally suitable for cutting soft metal materials.
2. High speed steel
As a steel-based alloy, high-speed steel, also known as white turning tool, has a carbon content of 0.7-0.85%, and alloy elements such as w and Cr are added to carbon steel. For example, the high-speed steel material contains 18% tungsten, 4% chromium and 4% vanadium. The heat of the high-speed steel turning tool made of this material will be as high as 6000 ℃ during friction. Suitable for thread turning at 1000rpm.
3. Non cast iron alloy tool
This is an alloy of cobalt, chromium and tungsten, which has some difficulties in the process of cutting. It is made by casting, so it is also called superhard cast alloy. This kind of tool has high toughness and wear resistance. Generally, the hardness will not be affected at the temperature of 8200 ℃, and its heat resistance is higher than that of high-speed steel. It is suitable for high-speed and deep cutting.
4. Sintered carbide tool
Carbide cutting tools are powder metallurgy products. The main component of tungsten carbide cutting tools is 50% - 90% tungsten, in which titanium, molybdenum, tantalum and other powders are added as binders, and then completed by heating and sintering. Compared with other materials, the hardness of this tool is higher, which is three times that of the hardest high carbon steel. It is suitable for cutting hard metals or stones.
5 ceramic turning tool
Ceramic turning tools are made of alumina powder, with a small amount of elements added, and sintered at high temperature. It is higher than tungsten carbide in hardness, heat resistance and cutting speed. However, due to its brittle texture, discontinuous or heavy turning cannot be carried out, and it is only suitable for high-speed precision cutting.
6 diamond cutter
When this material is used for advanced surface processing, it can be polished with round or industrial diamonds with surface edges. Customers can get a smoother surface. Users can do precision turning of copper alloy or light alloy. When turning, use high speed, with a minimum of 60-100m / min.
7 boron oxide
Cubic boron oxide is a material popularized in recent years. Its hardness and wear resistance are second only to diamonds. This kind of tool is suitable for processing silhouette and wear-resistant ferrous alloys.