Common chip types
In cutting production, due to different materials, the degree of deformation in the cutting process will also be different, so the types of chips produced are also diverse.
(1) Banded chip. This is the most common kind of chip. Its inner surface is smooth, but its outer surface is hairy. The cutting process of this chip is stable, the cutting force fluctuation is small, and the machined surface roughness is small.
(2) Crush chips. The difference between this kind of chip and banded chip is that the outer surface is serrated, and sometimes there are cracks on the inner surface. It occurs when the cutting speed is low and the cutting thickness is large.
(3) Unit chip. If the crack extends to the whole surface on the shear surface of the extruded chip, the whole unit is cut off and becomes a trapezoidal unit chip.
(4) Chipping. This is a chip of brittle material. It presents an irregular shape, and the machined surface is uneven.
Criteria for measuring chip controllability
(1) It does not interfere with normal processing, that is, it does not wind on the workpiece and cutter, and does not splash into the moving parts of the machine tool.
(2) It will not affect the personal safety of the operator.
(3) Easy to clean, store and handle.
Prevent chip from scratching the workpiece surface
If the chip flow direction is not well controlled, it will not only wrap around the workpiece, but also crush the tool, scratch the machined surface, improve the roughness of the machined surface, and affect the machining quality.
(1) Finish turning with a positive blade angle turning tool to make the chips flow to the surface to be machined to avoid scratching the machined surface.
(2) Using a fine turning tool with a large inclination angle not only controls the flow of chips to the surface to be machined, but also makes the chips present a kind of cotton wool shape, which will not damage the workpiece.
(3) Change the geometric parameters of the tool and adjust the cutting parameters to control the excluded chip shape. For example, when drilling deep holes, it is "C" shaped debris, short spiral debris is produced from the outer circle of the lathe, spherical debris is produced when turning threads, stainless steel is drilled out of "fireworks" debris, and brittle copper is turned out of "conch" debris, etc.
(4) Take measures to force chip removal, such as compressed air and a certain pressure of liquid, so that the chips can be directionally discharged.