Chip damage and protective measures
All kinds of metal parts turning on the lathe usually have good toughness, which makes the metal chips produced by turning difficult to break. In addition, these chips are often plastic curls with sharp edges, which are easy to cause personal injury to operators. Especially in high-speed cutting, the chips formed not only have the above characteristics, but also have a long length and extremely high temperature. Once they contact the human body, they will cause serious damage. Not only that, the chips are often entangled in the workpiece, turning tool and tool holder, causing certain obstacles to processing.
Therefore, in order to prevent chip damage in work, measures such as chip breaking, chip flow control and other measures are often taken, and various protective baffles are added. Chip breaking grooves or steps are ground on the turning tool, appropriate chip breakers are used, and the tool is mechanically clamped. These methods can play a certain role in chip breaking. If the chip cannot be broken automatically, it is necessary to use an iron hook to clean or break the chip in time. If necessary, stop the machine to remove it. However, it should be noted that it is absolutely not allowed to remove or break chips by hand.
Clamping of workpiece
In all turning accidents, machine tool damage, tool breakage or crash, and workpiece falling or flying out caused by improper workpiece clamping account for the largest proportion of casualties. Therefore, when clamping the workpiece, we must adopt the correct method to ensure that the clamping is accurate and reliable, which is a very important measure to ensure the safe production of turning.
For parts with different sizes and shapes, appropriate fixtures must be selected. No matter using three jaw, four jaw chuck or special fixture, it must ensure that its connection with the spindle is stable and reliable. The workpiece shall be clamped correctly and tightly. For the workpiece with large volume, the sleeve can be used for clamping, which can effectively ensure that the workpiece will not shift and fall off in the process of high-speed rotation and cutting force. If necessary, you can also use the top and center frame to strengthen the clamping. Remove the handle immediately after clamping.
Safe operation specifications
Lathe operators must abide by the following safety operation specifications in processing: first, before processing, the lathe should be comprehensively checked to confirm that it is in good condition before use.
Secondly, the clamping of workpiece and cutting tool must be correct, firm and reliable.
Next, in the processing process, when it is necessary to change the cutting tool, load and unload the workpiece, measure the workpiece, and wipe the equipment and workpiece with cotton thread, you must stop and wait until it is stable before operation, which must not be easy.
Another is to choose the correct cutting speed, feed rate and depth of difficulty, and must not be overloaded.
Finally, pay attention that no workpiece, fixture and other sundries can be placed on the lathe head, tool rest and bed surface. When using a file, you must move the turning tool to a safe position and take the correct posture: the right hand is in front and the left hand is behind, so as to prevent the sleeve from being involved in the rotating spindle. Special personnel shall be responsible for the use and maintenance of machine tools, and other personnel shall not operate.