CNC programming is an integral part of the CNC process. CNC machining cannot be performed without CNC programming. The CNC operator needs to record the alphanumeric CNC code and send it to the control panel of the CNC machine in order to enable the automatic CNC machining process in a specific order. Many people may think that CNC coding, like any other coding, does not require any preparation. However, this is not the case. CNC coding is the second and final stage of the whole CNC process. To successfully program the CNC, follow the pre programming steps. This article provides guidelines for documenting CNC programs to achieve efficient CNC processes.
Before entering the guide, let's discuss what CNC program is and its importance in CNC processing.
CNC program introduction
CNC program is a group of CNC codes, which defines different processing actions, dimensions and process parameters for specific processing actions. These CNC codes are alphanumeric sets defined in the digital computer programming language. There are two types of CNC codes, namely G code and M code.
G code is the code used to define the working parameters. These codes define what type of machining activities the CNC machine tool should perform for what size, feed, or duration.
The M code defines other functions of the CNC machine tool. This includes the start and end positions of CNC tools, timer settings, coolant settings, etc.
CNC programs include multiple CNCG and M codes to strategically guide CNC machines to perform CNC machining processes.
Six guidelines for recording successful CNC programs
Recording CNC programs is not limited to writing some CNC codes. CNC machining is a gradual process. Therefore, CNC machining activities and their parameters must be recorded in proper order through CNC programs. The following steps must be followed when recording CNC programs.
CNC machining
Determine CNC technical list according to CAD design:
The CNC program shall be recorded with reference to the CAD design of the final product. CAD drawings provide insight into the dimensions of the workpiece and the dimensions and features of the final part. Programmers must understand all CNC technologies to be used in the entire CNC process.
Determine the sequence of CNC processing:
Once CNC machining is determined, the sequence must be determined. For example, manufacturing a tapered shaft with counterbore may include the following machining sequence: turning (for maximum diameter), followed by tapered turning (for reducing/tapered diameter). Counterbore will be formed after taper turning.
calculation:
The programmer needs to define the dimensions of the CNC machining process, so it must be calculated. The calculation may include the length of tool movement, feed rate, spindle speed, drilling depth, etc.
Determine the workpiece and tool direction:
The workpiece must be installed in the proper position, and the tool must interact with the workpiece to remove the material with the set accuracy. Since the tool direction and tool movement parameters are defined by CNC programs, the programmer must determine these factors before programming.
Consider CNC machining tools:
Different machining processes require different types of tools. For example, CNC turning is completed with a single point tool, while milling requires multi-point tools.