The surface forming movement is the movement to obtain the required surface shape and size of the workpiece, and it includes the main movement, the feeding movement and the plunging movement. The main motion is the motion that plays a major role in stripping excess material from the workpiece blank. It can be the rotary motion of the workpiece (such as turning), linear motion (such as planing on a gantry planer), or the rotary motion of the tool (such as milling and drilling) or linear motion (such as plunging and broaching);
The feed motion is the motion in which the tool and the workpiece to be processed move toward each other, so that the cutting can continue, such as the movement of the tool rest slide along the machine guide rail when turning the outer circle; Its function is to cut a certain thickness of material from the workpiece surface in each cutting stroke, such as the lateral plunge movement of the small tool holder when turning the outer circle.
Auxiliary movements mainly include the rapid approach and withdrawal of the tool or the workpiece, the adjustment of the position of the machine tool parts, the workpiece indexing, the indexing of the tool rest, the feeding of the clamping material, the movement of starting, shifting, reversing, stopping and automatic tool changing.
The indicators for evaluating the technical performance of machine tools can ultimately be attributed to machining accuracy and production efficiency. Machining accuracy includes the dimensional accuracy, shape accuracy, positional accuracy, surface quality and accuracy retention of machine tools of the workpiece to be machined.
Productivity relates to machining time and auxiliary time, as well as the degree of automation and operational reliability of the machine tool. On the one hand, these indicators depend on the static characteristics of the machine tool, such as static geometric accuracy and stiffness; on the other hand, they have a greater relationship with the dynamic characteristics of the machine tool, such as motion accuracy, dynamic stiffness, thermal deformation and noise.
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