(1) General CNC machine tools. This type of machine tool is the same as the traditional general-purpose machine tool, including CNC turning, milling, boring, drilling, grinding, etc., and each of them has many varieties, such as vertical milling, horizontal milling, tool milling, etc. Gantry milling, etc. The process possibilities of this type of machine are similar to those of general-purpose machine tools, the difference being that it can process parts with complex shapes.
(2) CNC machining center machine tools. This type of machine tool is developed on the basis of general CNC machine tools. It is a CNC machine tool with automatic tool changer (also known as multi-process CNC machine tool or boring and milling machine), which is composed of a tool magazine (which can accommodate more than 10-100 tools) and an automatic tool changer on a general CNC machine tool. Class machining center, commonly referred to as machining center - Machining Center), which makes CNC machine tools further develop in the direction of automation and efficiency. The difference between the CNC machining center machine tool and the general CNC machine tool is that after the workpiece is clamped once, the CNC device can control the machine tool to automatically replace the tool, and continuously automatically complete the milling (turning), boring, drilling, reaming of each processing surface of the workpiece. And tapping and other multi-process processing. Most of these machine tools are mainly boring and milling, and are mainly used to process box parts. Compared with general CNC machine tools, it has the following advantages: ①Reduce the number of machine tools and facilitate management. For multi-process parts, only one machine tool can complete all processing, and can reduce the inventory of semi-finished products; ②Because the workpiece only needs to be clamped once Therefore, the positioning error caused by multiple installations is reduced, and the machining quality can be guaranteed by the precision of the machine tool; ③ The process is centralized, the auxiliary time is reduced, and the productivity is improved; The number of special tooling fixtures is greatly reduced, and the production preparation time is further shortened. Because of the many advantages of CNC machining center machine tools, it is very popular among users, so it occupies a very important position in the production of CNC machine tools. In addition, there is a type of machining center, which is developed on the basis of lathes, and takes shaft parts as the main processing object. In addition to turning and boring, it can also perform drilling, milling and tapping on any part of the end face and peripheral surface. This type of machining center also has a tool magazine, which can install 4-12 tools. It is customary to call this type of machine tool a turning center (TC: Turning Center).
(3) Multi-coordinate CNC machine tools. Some complex-shaped parts cannot be processed by three-coordinate CNC machine tools, such as the processing of propellers, aircraft surface parts, etc., which require a composite motion of more than three coordinates to process the desired shape. Therefore, a multi-coordinate CNC machine tool appears, which is characterized by a large number of axes controlled by the CNC device, and the structure of the machine tool is relatively complex. The number of coordinate axes usually depends on the process requirements of the machined parts. Now commonly used are 4, 5, 6 coordinate CNC machine tools. Figures 1-3 are schematic diagrams of CNC machining with five-axis linkage. At this time, the three coordinates of x, y, and z can be linked with the rotation of the turntable and the swing of the tool at the same time to process parts such as wings.