Lathes are mainly used to process various rotary surfaces and end faces of rotary bodies. Such as turning inner and outer cylindrical surfaces, conical surfaces, annular grooves and forming rotary surfaces, turning end faces and various commonly used threads, equipped with process equipment can also process various special-shaped surfaces. It can also do drilling, reaming, reaming, knurling and other work on the lathe.
Milling machine is a widely used machine tool, which can process planes (horizontal, vertical), grooves (keyways, T-slots, dovetails, etc.), toothed parts (gears, spline shafts, sprockets, spirals, etc.) Shaped surfaces (threads, spiral grooves) and various curved surfaces. In addition, it can also be used to process the surface of the revolving body, the inner hole and cut off work, etc. When the milling machine is working, the workpiece is mounted on the worktable or on the accessories such as the indexing head, etc. The rotation of the milling cutter is the main movement, supplemented by the feed movement of the table or the milling head, and the workpiece can obtain the required machining surface. Because of the multi-tool intermittent cutting, the productivity of the milling machine is high.
Planers are mainly divided into bull-head planers, gantry planers, single-arm planers and specialized planers (such as edge planers for planing the edge of large steel plates, planing punches and planing machines for complex-shaped workpieces), etc. The bull head planer is named after the ram and the tool holder are shaped like bull heads. The planer is mounted on the tool holder of the ram for longitudinal reciprocating motion, and is mostly used for cutting various planes and grooves. The gantry planer is named after a gantry-type frame structure composed of a top beam and a column. The worktable carries the workpiece through the gantry frame for linear reciprocating motion. It is mostly used for processing large planes (especially long and narrow planes). To machine grooves or planes of several small and medium parts at the same time. Large gantry planers are often attached with components such as milling heads and grinding heads, so that the workpiece can be planed, milled and ground after one installation. The single-arm planer has a single column and a cantilever, and the worktable reciprocates longitudinally along the bed guide rails. It is mostly used for processing workpieces with large widths that do not need to be processed on the entire width.
Slotting machines are mainly used for processing various planes (such as horizontal planes, vertical planes and inclined planes and various grooves, such as T-shaped grooves, dovetail grooves, V-shaped grooves, etc.), and straight forming surfaces. If equipped with a profiling device, it can also process space curved surfaces, such as steam turbine impellers, spiral grooves, etc. The tool structure of this type of machine tool is simple, and it does not cut when returning, so the productivity is low, and it is generally used for single-piece small batch production.
The boring machine is suitable for plane milling and hole system processing of single-piece or small-batch production parts in machining workshops. The end of the headstock is designed with a flat-rotating disc radial tool holder, which can accurately bore large holes and planes. In addition, drilling, reaming and threading can be performed.
Grinders are machine tools that use abrasives (grinding wheels, abrasive belts, whetstones or abrasives, etc.) as tools to cut the surface of workpieces, collectively referred to as grinders. The grinding machine can process various surfaces, such as inner and outer cylindrical and conical surfaces, planes, gear tooth gallery surfaces, helical surfaces and various forming surfaces, etc., and can also sharpen tools and cut off, etc., the process range is very wide. Because grinding can easily obtain high machining accuracy and good surface quality, grinding machines are mainly used in the finishing of parts, especially the finishing of hardened steel parts and high-hardness extraordinary materials.
Drilling machine is a universal machine tool with a wide range of uses, which can perform drilling, reaming, reaming, spot facing and tapping on parts. When the radial drilling machine is equipped with process equipment, it can also carry out boring; when the bench drill is equipped with a universal worktable (MDT-180 type), it can also mill keyways.
Gear processing Machine tool gears are the most commonly used transmission parts, including spur gears, helical gears and herringbone gears, spur and arc bevel gears, worm gears and non-circular gears. A machine tool that processes the surface of gear teeth is called a gear machining machine.