The ordinary lathe has a wide range of processing objects, and the adjustment range of the spindle speed and feed is large, and it can process the inner and outer surfaces, end faces and internal and external threads of the workpiece. This type of lathe is mainly operated manually by workers, with low production efficiency, and is suitable for single-piece, small-batch production and repair workshops.
Turret lathes and rotary lathes have turret tool rests or rotary tool rests that can hold multiple tools, and workers can use different tools to complete a variety of processes in one clamping of the workpiece, which is suitable for mass production.
The automatic lathe can automatically complete the multi-process processing of small and medium-sized workpieces according to a certain program, can automatically load and unload materials, and process a batch of the same workpieces repeatedly, which is suitable for mass production.
Multi-tool semi-automatic lathes are divided into single-axis, multi-axis, horizontal and vertical. The layout of the single-axis horizontal type is similar to that of an ordinary lathe, but the two sets of tool holders are installed on the front and back or up and down of the main shaft, respectively, and are used to process discs, rings and shaft workpieces, and their productivity is 3 to 5 times higher than that of ordinary lathes.
The profiling lathe can imitate the shape and size of the template or the sample, and automatically complete the processing cycle of the workpiece. It is suitable for small batch and batch production of workpieces with complex shapes, and the productivity is 10 to 15 times higher than that of ordinary lathes. There are multi-tool holder, multi-axis, chuck type, vertical type and other types.
The spindle of the vertical lathe is perpendicular to the horizontal plane, the workpiece is clamped on the horizontal rotary table, and the tool rest moves on the beam or column. It is suitable for machining large, heavy workpieces that are difficult to install on ordinary lathes, and are generally divided into two categories: single-column and double-column.
When the shovel tooth lathe is turning, the tool holder periodically reciprocates radially, which is used for forming tooth surfaces of forklift milling cutters, hob cutters, etc. Usually with a relief grinding attachment, a small grinding wheel driven by a separate electric motor relieves the tooth surface.
Specialized lathes are lathes used to machine specific surfaces of a certain type of workpiece, such as crankshaft lathes, camshaft lathes, wheel lathes, axle lathes, roll lathes, and ingot lathes.
The combined lathe is mainly used for turning processing, but after adding some special parts and accessories, it can also perform boring, milling, drilling, inserting, grinding and other processing, with the characteristics of "one machine with multiple functions", suitable for engineering vehicles, ships or mobile Repair work at the repair station.