When the CNC lathe is just put into use, it must return to the reference point when the system is restarted after a power failure. That is, after manually moving each axis out of the non-interference area, return each axis to the reference point. Otherwise, a crash may occur. Therefore, after machining every day, it is best to move the axes of the machine tool to a safe position. At this point, there will be no problem after operation or power failure.
The failure caused by external hardware operation is a common failure in CNC repair. It is generally caused by problems with detection switches, hydraulic systems, pneumatic systems, electrical actuators, and mechanical devices. Some of these faults can find the cause of the fault through the alarm information. For general CNC systems, there are fault diagnosis functions or information alarms. Maintenance personnel can use this information to narrow the scope of the diagnosis. For some faults, although the alarm information is displayed, it does not reflect the real cause of the fault. At this time, it is necessary to analyze and solve according to the alarm information and fault phenomenon.
There are also some faults that do not generate fault alarm information, but the action cannot be completed. At this time, it is necessary to analyze and judge according to the maintenance experience, the working principle of the machine tool and the PLC operation status.
The important thing is to find the problem. Especially the external failure of CNC lathes. Sometimes the process of diagnosing is complicated, but once the problem is identified, it is relatively simple to fix. The following two principles should be followed for external fault diagnosis. First of all, you must be proficient in the working principle and sequence of actions of the machine tool. Secondly, to be able to use the PLC ladder diagram. The status display function of the NC system or the external programmer monitors the running status of the PLC. Generally, as long as the above principles are followed and careful, general CNC faults will be eliminated in time.
The external faults can be divided into soft faults and hard faults caused by external hardware damage. Soft faults are caused by improper operation and adjustment. Such faults mostly occur in the early stage of equipment use or during the adjustment period of equipment users. For the numerical control system, another fault-prone place is the servo unit.
Because the movement of each axis is realized by the servo unit controlling the servo motor to drive the ball screw. Use rotary encoder for speed feedback and grating ruler for position feedback. Generally, the fault-prone place is the drive module of the rotary encoder and the servo unit. There are also individual system confusions caused by power supply reasons. Especially for those systems with computer hard drives to save data.
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